van deemter equation capillary electrophoresis

>> /XObject << >> /Descent -216 /ExtGState << /Cs8 62 0 R /Type /FontDescriptor -� �mcy��K��A�+к�R+�u�� ]d�E�P�y7+hg�q�-��0�T� ��D}��g�U�<7��W�>�� Fkݕ�> Capillary electrophoresis provides high resolution because: _____ A)applied electric field moves ions in one direction. /Cs6 89 0 R /Resources 88 0 R %�� << /TT5 97 0 R endobj >> H�c``pb``oa`e`�X� �� @1v�?�N-�^��{��#�w�Ő/��P��T�Aj��Oת��T��-dR0��)&��X#,��W� (��9m6��)�{L�PS��۩��`KRȮFNѦ$��\*A��Y�(L= �4^�2U�քS[�\�6wu�©��UO��[��됁�B� /Im11 15 0 R >> /XObject << Any type of problem covered in class or in your homework is fair game. 0000075958 00000 n An equation analogous to the Van Deemter equation in chromatography is developed to account for peak broadening in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). /Descent -219 endstream 0000016779 00000 n 92 0 obj A short summary of this paper. /XHeight 1000 endobj �u�F0#�h�k�Q�챃e��0��b;�ݵ]�=�*�yZs3mKO�s��"kʺ��m��z�݉f2�TR✞d�;י%��B��n�Ӡ�x��L��` �� /Im20 37 0 R >> 0000013974 00000 n << /Descent -211 [ /Indexed 89 0 R 255 13 0 R ] . Capillary electrophoresis Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a family of related techniques that employ narrow-bore (20-200 µm i.d.) >> 0000015474 00000 n /Length 542 93 0 obj /Im4 16 0 R /Supplement 0 0 556 0 0 611 278 0 556 278 0 611 611 611 0 389 556 333 611 0 0 0 556 ] /FontBBox [ -517 -325 1359 998 ] /TT3 95 0 R /CapHeight 1000 /Ascent 905 >> endobj (H=A+(B/u)+(C×u)) Decreasing column radius, Decreasing stationary phase thickness. 0000011326 00000 n 0000074623 00000 n /XHeight 1000 In 1956 J.J. Van Deemter introduced the equation which combined all three sources and represented them as the dependence of the theoretical plate height (HETP) on the mobile phase linear velocity. /S /D 55 0 obj 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 444 500 ] /W [ 14 [ 549 ] 16 [ 549 ] 32 33 549 39 [ 612 ] 74 [ 411 603 ] 78 [ 549 ] 80 [ 576 ] /OPM 1 The van Deemter equation in chromatography, named for Jan van Deemter, relates the variance per unit length of a separation column to the linear mobile phase velocity by considering physical, kinetic, and thermodynamic properties of a separation. Second, inherent to HPLC, a large amount of chiral selector is needed when added to the mobile phase. /GS1 90 0 R /Cs9 64 0 R endobj stream 0000010117 00000 n /QuickPDFF428ed51a 102 0 R << endobj 0000005911 00000 n 0000016756 00000 n >> 56 0 obj 0000006230 00000 n 0000021897 00000 n << >> /Im10 14 0 R /Type /FontDescriptor /Author (asoka) endobj endobj /TT3 95 0 R << /LastChar 98 /FontName /ArialMT Review Sheet: Exam II The topics, terms, concepts, and questions presented on this review sheet highlight the important concepts that I expect you to know or be familiar with. 0000019534 00000 n 0000043953 00000 n 0000013950 00000 n 0000007620 00000 n /Im3 44 0 R 0000017256 00000 n /Ascent 891 /Font << [ /ICCBased 82 0 R ] /FontFamily (Arial) >> /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding capillary zone electrophoresis of ... terpreted by the plate height model of adsorption in terms of curves analogous to Van Deemter ... ther discussed by Wieme.lO The Giddings equation for >> /Im5 3 0 R [ /Indexed 89 0 R 255 33 0 R ] /ExtGState << endobj /XObject << >> 0000004666 00000 n /StemV 82 /Descent -211 /Filter /FlateDecode /TT7 99 0 R /GS1 90 0 R High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Capillary electrophoresis. A lower value of H corresponds to a higher separation >> /ColorSpace << For an open tubular column (not capillary electrophoresis), which term(s) in the van Deemter equation does(do) not affect the plate height? >> 0000012555 00000 n /Type /FontDescriptor >> /Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 667 667 << H�l�Ms�0��=�L�H�/��顽t:e�C܃��M��E��=q��F��}vE�)�PI%��J� ��A��r��x\��n�t:�ü�!�sq:B3�s�܋q�u\��n��:�V�*cι�^r��$��Ŝh'��t#�^��y-��*��5lO��@��EԻ_�ϩ�E�@�6V[Ԫ��V%�X_��9��?��Iicu��JU)U�. 53 0 obj >> 0000008943 00000 n /Type /Page /Type /Font 95 0 obj 0000003258 00000 n /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2000 1007 ] Band broadening is the name given to the ‘spreading out’ of a group of the same molecular species as they move through a chromatography column. >> /Im18 35 0 R >> /Ascent 905 Basic look at electrophoresis in general: Charge q is acted on by a field E: � c. 0000054210 00000 n /Widths [ 333 333 0 0 0 0 250 278 500 500 500 0 500 500 500 0 500 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 52 0 obj 0000014247 00000 n /Filter /FlateDecode 94 0 obj /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC ] endobj �+S. 58 0 obj /Im22 42 0 R /StemV 138 << Packed Columns: van Deemter. /FontFamily (Times New Roman) /TT2 92 0 R /TT5 97 0 R 87 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<8947E2A4FFFF9480020D3C1DD5DF63EC>]/Index[69 32]/Info 68 0 R/Length 89/Prev 354224/Root 70 0 R/Size 101/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Consider the van Deemter equation. /Font << The primary application of CGE is the sep-aration of large biomolecules, including DNA fragments, proteins, and oligonucleotides. /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 9.5.5 $Windows$) >> /ItalicAngle 0 0000022752 00000 n /Type /FontDescriptor /ItalicAngle 0 /TT5 97 0 R 556 556 222 222 500 222 833 556 556 556 556 333 500 278 556 500 722 500 500 500 0 /ItalicAngle 0 >> %%EOF /TT11 60 0 R >> /Rotate 0 >> 0000025421 00000 n /Im15 27 0 R 1334 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 1337 /H [ 1924 652 ] /L 1016666 /E 76267 /N 16 /T 989866 >> endobj xref 1334 70 0000000016 00000 n /FontBBox [ 0 -220 1113 1005 ] These properties include pathways within the column, diffusion, and mass transfer kinetics between stationary and mobile phases. Best known is the van Deemter equation, which describes the various contributions to plate height (H). /Ascent 891 91 0 obj /CIDSet 83 0 R >> >> 62 0 obj /Type /Font In CE, two terms in Van Deemter Equation are zero; multiple-path term, A, mass-transfer term, C, %PDF-1.2 %�� /FontDescriptor 93 0 R /Pages 67 0 R 0000025398 00000 n The van Deemter equation in chromatography, named for Jan van Deemter, relates the variance per unit length of a separation column to the linear mobile phase velocity by considering physical, kinetic, and thermodynamic properties of a separation. /Im19 36 0 R /TT3 95 0 R /TT7 99 0 R /Flags 4 73 0 obj /LastChar 122 /Im6 7 0 R These separations are facilitated by the use of high voltages, which may generate electroosmotic and electro- /FontDescriptor 58 0 R >> 63 0 obj /TT7 99 0 R /FirstChar 32 /Flags 32 endobj /FontDescriptor 98 0 R /GS1 90 0 R << /TT5 97 0 R << VAN DEEMTER CURVE 10 20 30 40 50 60 0.25 0.50 FwN$�@�� ߒ�g͗d�$�U�*��*�s�PV��+�@^��8H?i%�M5�8�X��"(Fƈ��w��G��h��O�a�vv�#�$n]=��͖��O� /FontStretch /Normal 68 0 obj >> endobj 0000011350 00000 n /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 675 0 0 0 611 611 /Subtype /TrueType This paper. 64 0 obj /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC ] /FontName /Arial-BoldMT Band broadening can be thought of as a measure o… 0000002576 00000 n >> /Subtype /Type0 0000057729 00000 n 88 0 obj 0000027989 00000 n 0 0 584 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 222 0 0 350 556 1000 ] /GS1 90 0 R B = longitudinal diffusion term. >> << /Subtype /TrueType 0000010141 00000 n 0000043977 00000 n /Im14 23 0 R /ColorSpace << 69 0 obj /Type /Font No stationary phase necessary. endobj endobj /CapHeight 1000 /FontFamily (Arial) 54 0 obj /TT2 92 0 R >> 0000062702 00000 n >> /FirstChar 32 0000001755 00000 n /ExtGState << /Length 612 << >> van Deemter Equation terms present in capillary electrophoresis B only. /FontStretch /Normal << 0000056394 00000 n /SA false /FontWeight 400 endobj C)multipath term in the van Deemter equation is eliminated. /FontFamily (Arial) 96 0 obj /FontStretch /Normal [1] These properties include pathways within the column, diffusion (axial and longitudinal), … A – the dispersion of peak area due to multiple paths in the column is not a consideration in the capillary column as only one path predominates. The reason a spike is not produced is due to the process of band broadening. 0000002553 00000 n /Ascent 905 /Im17 34 0 R /Metadata 47 0 R /Flags 32 << 0 500 500 0 0 0 584 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 222 ] Originally, it was introduced for gas chromatography, but it happened that the same physical processes occurs in HPLC, and this equation is perfectly fit for liquid chromatography. In the last two decades, the use of CE as a novel, fast, and efficient + + + + µA1 µA2 µA2 µCD µCD µCDA1 µCDA1 µCDA2 µCDA2 + µA1=. /XObject << /LastChar 146 capillaries to perform high efficiency separa-tions of both large and small molecules. << endobj /Type /Font /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >> 65 0 obj /Kids [ 71 0 R 1 0 R 5 0 R 11 0 R 19 0 R 25 0 R 30 0 R 39 0 R ] /Im1 85 0 R 0000071444 00000 n 500 500 444 500 444 278 500 0 278 0 0 278 722 500 500 500 0 389 389 278 500 444 667 /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC ] endobj 71 0 obj /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC ] /Im9 17 0 R >> /Im16 28 0 R 667 722 611 611 0 722 0 0 0 556 833 667 0 611 0 611 0 0 0 611 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 >> /GS1 90 0 R D)both the multipath and mass transfer components are absent. /Creator (PScript5.dll Version 5.2.2) In liquid chromatography, the mobile phase velocity is taken as the exit velocity, … /CIDToGIDMap /Identity /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC ] endobj 0000062678 00000 n Download PDF. /TT2 92 0 R /Ordering (Identity) Starting with the van Deemter equation: H = A + B/u + Cu we should consider all three terms. >> /TT11 60 0 R /Type /FontDescriptor /TT9 61 0 R /Type /Font /XObject << >> << /Font << /Cs6 89 0 R Multiple flow path termin van Deemter equation and mass transfer term is zero. /FirstChar 32 /ColorSpace << /Descent -216 0000004790 00000 n /ItalicAngle 0 In ideal conditions, this would be displayed on the chromatogram as a single spike. endobj /Font << /DescendantFonts [ 94 0 R ] >> endobj /TT2 92 0 R endobj /Font << >> endobj 0000038707 00000 n >> >> /TT7 99 0 R Capillary columns manufactured by Agilent Technologies have a ... VAN DEEMTER EQUATION u H = A + B + Cu A = Multi-path term B = Longitudinal diffusion term C = Mass transfer term H = Height equivalent to a theoretical plate. << 90 0 obj /DW 1000 99 0 obj /OP false 100 0 obj <>stream 0000025979 00000 n << /TT3 95 0 R /FontDescriptor 91 0 R 0000019558 00000 n /TT2 92 0 R 722 0 667 0 0 722 278 500 0 556 0 722 0 667 0 0 0 0 0 667 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 �8��9��a��i\Ei��Y��,��M7.�-%|4'#�t��k�ڴ��v40Tt��)��@7�_��d�UB`K��\Pc0q(i�m4e��`�6�B� _S��k ��c`��Ҍ@�Ćl�>�:@� 6�6c /Cs6 89 0 R 8 Capillary electrophoresis (CE) provides extremely reduced plate height and higher resolution compared to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) because: Select one or more a Longitudinal diffusion is reduced due to the uniform electroosmotic flow profile b. << /FontName /TimesNewRomanPSMT /Type /Font /Encoding /Identity-H /Im13 22 0 R 0000033355 00000 n 97 0 obj /Annots [ 104 0 R ] >> << Нефть: уравнение Ван Демтера (для высоты колонки, эквивалентной одной теоретической тарелке) >> /Contents [ 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 101 0 R ] 83 [ 549 ] 86 [ 603 ] 114 [ 549 ] 151 [ 549 250 ] 167 169 384 183 185 384 ] Different solutes have different mobilities and are thus separated. /FontWeight 400 7 Significance of the resolution value for two components with different relative concentrations. 0000027965 00000 n /FontBBox [ -498 -307 1333 1023 ] /Cs6 89 0 R /FirstChar 40 B)low viscosity of the solution provides low friction. /Font << ... Electrophoresis, Capillary/standards* Temperature; >> 0000033379 00000 n >> << 722 778 667 0 722 667 611 722 667 944 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 0 556 556 500 556 556 278 << >> Capillary Electrophoresis * Y A N X U C le ve la n d S ta te U n ive rsity C le ve la n d , O h io 4 4 1 1 5 y.xu @ csu -e .csu o h io .e d u C apillary electrophoresis is the m ost efficient separation technique available for the analysis of both large and sm all molecules. /TT2 92 0 R /Type /FontDescriptor /TT11 60 0 R 0 0 389 ] /ColorSpace << The van Deemter equation for linearly retained species in conventional packings of sphere geometry is: [2] HETP = A + B u 0 + 2 15 ε p ( 1 − ε b ) b 2 [ ε b + ε p ( 1 − ε b ) b ] 2 τ d u 0 where ε p is the intraparticle porosity, ε b is the bed porosity and b =1+{(1−ε p )/ε p } K is the adsorption equilibrium parameter for a linear isotherm with slope K . 51 0 obj 0000074599 00000 n endobj /Type /Font 98 0 obj 0000012579 00000 n /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC ] /BaseFont /Arial-ItalicMT 0000022776 00000 n 0000007644 00000 n >> >> << /TT9 61 0 R /ItalicAngle -15 /FontDescriptor 96 0 R 0000056418 00000 n /TT3 95 0 R >> /Nums [ 0 66 0 R ] >> /BaseFont /Arial-BoldMT /XObject << A and C go to zero which reduces plate height to submicron values and provides extraordinary separation powers. The capillary used for CGE is usually treated to eliminate electroosmot-ic flow, preventing the gel’s extrusion from the capillary tubing.Samples are injected electrokinetically because the gel provides too much resistance for hydrodynamic sampling. >> /ExtGState << The plate height will increase again after a minimum value has been obtained. /ColorSpace << 0000008919 00000 n /Subtype /CIDFontType2 0000049116 00000 n 66 0 obj /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding 0000017232 00000 n /FontStretch /Normal /Im8 9 0 R 556 500 556 556 278 556 556 222 0 0 222 833 556 556 556 0 333 500 278 556 500 722 Increasing the carrier gas velocity will initially lead to a sharp decrease of the plate height. /XHeight 1000 67 0 obj The plate number N (column factor) can be increased by lengthening the column, changing the packing particle diameter, or optimizing flow rate. 61 0 obj 89 0 obj I will post a separate sheet listing the equations that I will provide you for the exam under Handouts on Blackboard. /Cs6 89 0 R This equation applies to conditions where the peaks are symmetrical (sample zone concentration much less than background electrolyte concentration). /FontWeight 700 /Im3 44 0 R /ExtGState << 60 0 obj /Ascent 1005 /GS1 90 0 R /FontName /KNHCFH+SymbolMT /FontBBox [ -665 -325 2000 1006 ] /Type /ExtGState 0000066287 00000 n /TT5 97 0 R /FontName /Arial-ItalicMT endstream endobj 70 0 obj /Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 278 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000038683 00000 n /XObject << /StemV 88 /Cs10 63 0 R endobj 74 0 obj High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Capillary electrophoresis. /Subtype /TrueType << /op false 0000006206 00000 n /TT5 97 0 R /FontFile2 84 0 R chromatography and field-flow fractionation is modeled by the van Deemter equation, which relates the plate height, H, to the velocity, νx,of the carrier gas or liquid along the separation axis, x. HA B C x =++ x ν ν (1) Here, A, B and C are constants. 59 0 obj . /Cs6 89 0 R >> 0000071420 00000 n /TT7 99 0 R /Im2 86 0 R /CapHeight 1000 << Van Deemter equation Last updated February 02, 2021. endobj >> endobj << /Im21 41 0 R /Type /Catalog /PageLabels 65 0 R /FontDescriptor 59 0 R /XHeight 1000 Imagine the injection of a sample of a pure compound into a GC or HPLC instrument. >> /CapHeight 1000 /Parent 67 0 R /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FontFamily (Times New Roman) 0 /FontStretch /Normal /Type /Pages /TT2 92 0 R << Ua�F��`hŐE��\a�� 9R�f{6�,na��0��n�>��v@��yK49G�H^�*��n�:�g��J�,G�Zo�ř#,ތ�y��Z�k��P�ǩu��$�^�ҩ�R��*+��7�X\��.�*�%K,�hT*�|{��me��M�6g>�6 >> trailer << /Size 1404 /Info 1331 0 R /Root 1335 0 R /Prev 989854 /ID[<2ba70b3ff8cefe99038b5a144d294666><2ba70b3ff8cefe99038b5a144d294666>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 1335 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1330 0 R /PageMode /UseThumbs /OpenAction 1336 0 R >> endobj 1336 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D [ 1337 0 R /FitH -32768 ] >> endobj 1402 0 obj << /S 351 /T 548 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 1403 0 R >> stream /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC /ImageI ] /Subtype /TrueType h�b```a``��2� �� >> /Flags 96 /CIDSystemInfo << What actually appears on the chromatogram is a triangular peak. /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /XHeight 1000 endobj << 0000001858 00000 n endobj >> /Title (Microsoft PowerPoint - Capillary Electrophoresis [Compatibility Mode]) 722 667 611 0 0 0 0 0 611 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 667 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 611 556 >> 556 556 278 278 584 584 584 0 0 667 667 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 500 0 556 833 /CapHeight 1000 /BaseFont /TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT /StemV 71.742 h�bbd``b`z$�� K̫@�7 B�DĪ�@�S@,' ��$$��d�� endobj E)longitudinal diffusion is eliminated. /TT9 61 0 R /ExtGState << 0000057705 00000 n /Font << endobj /ColorSpace << apillary electrophoresis (C E ) is electrophoresis Capillary electrophoresis has van Deemter Equation for open tubular column: H = A + B/u + Cu (explain) Even better resolved than HPLC! /LastChar 151 0000015450 00000 n >> 0000049092 00000 n /StemV 85.863 /ModDate (D:20140420051640+07'00') /Im12 21 0 R >> 0000015496 00000 n /FontWeight 400 In this equation the parameters that influence the overall peak width are expressed in three terms: (1) H = A + B u + C × u. H = HETP (plate height) A = eddy diffusion term. /GS1 90 0 R /TT3 95 0 R << /FontWeight 400 << /Registry (Adobe) >> /LastChar 121 For an open tubular column (not capillary electrophoresis), which term(s) in the van Deemter equation does(do) not affect the plate height? /Subtype /TrueType 57 0 obj /Im7 8 0 R /ToUnicode 78 0 R /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC /ImageI ] 0000021874 00000 n /FirstChar 32 /QuickPDFFea62af29 103 0 R /FontName /TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT endobj endobj /BaseFont /ArialMT %PDF-1.5 /Cs6 89 0 R The fundamental resolution equation is Fig. >> /Flags 98 /CreationDate (D:20130923112606-05'00') << /SM 0.02 READ PAPER. A plate height equation expresses the correlation between plate height and carrier gas velocity. /ColorSpace << /XObject << >> 0000002921 00000 n H��?㲯 �1 H��ͮ�0��y�Y&W�\�$v��TH�@Db��$Nc�&��x{�N 0000012695 00000 n Download Full PDF Package. /FontFamily (Symbol) /Count 8 /StemV 0 /FontBBox [ -628 -376 2000 1018 ] /TT2 92 0 R >> /Descent -211 << 0000054186 00000 n /Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 333 0 584 278 333 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 the Van Deemter equation). 0000003547 00000 n /BaseFont /TimesNewRomanPSMT stream /GS1 90 0 R It is called the van Deemter equation or H/u curve. endobj /ExtGState << /FontStretch /Normal endobj /Font << /BaseFont /KNHCFH+SymbolMT /TT11 60 0 R The data were fitted to the simplified van Deemter equation for the theoretical plate height, H = A + B/u + Cu, in order to evaluate parameters A and C in each mode of flow in the different columns. /ItalicAngle -15 quantities, use capillary tubes. endobj /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Flags 34 … /BaseFont /KNHCFH+SymbolMT 0000066311 00000 n [ /Indexed 89 0 R 255 32 0 R ] L. ADITIA, S.Si. /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /CapHeight 0 37 Full PDFs related to this paper. /FontWeight 400 /ColorSpace << endstream endobj startxref 0000025955 00000 n /ExtGState << 0000001924 00000 n >> /Cs6 89 0 R

van deemter equation capillary electrophoresis 2021